Effect of superhydrophobic coating on the mechanical properties and colourfastness of lawsonia inermis, azadirachta indica and curcuma longa dyed cotton fabrics

This research focuses on the utilization of natural dyes based on Lawsonia Inermis, Azadiractha Indica and Curcuma Longa coated with superhydrophobic coating on cotton fabric. Natural dyes were used in this research and superhydrophobic coating for self-cleaning of fabrics. The fine powder dye was divided into eight concentrations which were 0.25 g/ml (A), 0.50 g/ml (B), 0.75 g/ml (C), 1.00 g/ml(D), 1.25 g/ml (E), 1.50 g/ml (F), 1.75 g/ml (G) and 2.00 g/ml (H). The method that involved in this research was direct dyeing for Lawsonia Inermis, Azadirachta Indica and Curcuma Longa dye for cotton fabric. Dyed cotton fabrics were coated with superhydrophobic coating using spraying technique. The coated and uncoated dyed cotton fabric was tested physically and mechanically. The F (1.50 g/ml) of dye concentration of uncoated and coated fabrics of Lawsonia Inermis, Azadirachta Indica and Curcuma Longa shows the highest physical and mechanical strength. The coated dyed cotton fabric with the Lawsonia Inermis, Azadirachta Indica, Curcuma Longa indicated 5 (excellent) for crocking test. The bursting strength for Lawsonia Inermis was (17.07 kPa), Azadirachta Indica (17.09 kPa), Curcuma Longa (17.08 kPa). Then, the weight loss for abrasion test at 5,000 and 20,000 cycles for Lawsonia Inermis were (2.41%, 2.51%), Azadirachta Indica (2.43%, 2.53%), Curcuma Longa (2.46%, 2.56%). As a conclusion natural dyes based on Lawsonia Inermis, Azadirachta Indica and Curcuma Longa can be used as an alternatives dyes in textile industry

Performance of organic dyes for textile cotton fabric

This research was focus on optimum dye concentration for self-cleaning properties for uncoated and coated dyed cotton fabrics through physical and mechanical properties. The dyed cotton fabrics were coated with aqueous emulsion C6-fluorocarbon. C6-fluorocarbon is an organic coating consisting of solid particles where it will dissolve in a specific formulated solvent. Cotton fabrics have cellulose and abundant hydroxyl groups structure where it will make hydrophilic properties where the fiber can provide an appropriate environment for microorganism growth in contact with water and sweats. Therefore, aqueous emulsion C6-fluorocarbon was coated as a hydrophobic coating to overcome the problem of dyed cotton fabric. Moreover, this research was aim to find the optimum concentration of dye with superhydrophobic layer and the comparison of natural dyes with synthetic dye, Golden Yellow with physical and mechanical tests. The test involved were water contact angle, crocking, weather resistance of fabric, washing, abrasion and bursting test. It was found that F (wt/wt%) was the optimum dye concentration and has the highest contact angle. The coated dyed fabric has higher mechanical and physical properties compared to the uncoated dyed fabric which can replace the usage of synthetic dye

Influence of the ratio on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composite with diapers waste as fillers for partition panel application

Materials play significant role in the domestic economy and defense with the fast growth of science and technology field. New materials are the core of fresh technologies and the three pillars of modern science and technology are materials science, power technology and data science. The prior properties of the partition panel by using recycled diapers waste depend on the origin of waste deposits and its chemical constituents. This study presents the influence of the ratio on the mechanical properties of polymer in diapers waste reinforced with binder matrix for partition panel application. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different ratio of diapers waste polymer reinforced epoxy-matrix with regards to mechanical properties and morphology analysis. The polymer includes polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) were used as reinforcing material. The tensile and bending resistance for ratio of 0.4 diapers waste polymers indicated the optimum ratio for fabricating the partition panel. Samples with 0.4 ratios of diapers waste polymers have highest stiffness of elasticity reading with 76.06 MPa. A correlation between the micro structural analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the mechanical properties of the material has been discussed

Overview on the different type of composite materials for footwear application

In 2010, an overview on Malaysian footwear industry that obtained source form Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), the import and export of footwear consist of shoe pad has reached RM 43.99 million and RM 17.04 million in the year 2009

Physical properties of natural dyes based on lawsonia inermis, azadiractha indica and curcuma longa coated with superhydrphobic coating for textile applications

Natural dyes based on Lawsonia Inermis, Azadiractha Indica and Curcuma Longa were used in this study to produce eco-friendly and non-toxic fabric to the people. The extraction process of natural dyes is aqueous technique and hot bath dyeing. The aim is to find the optimum concentration of natural dyes and superhydrophobic coating oncotton fabric for green technology dyeing. The data obtained is subjected to quantitativeanalysis. It is found that coated fabrics have higher physical strength than uncoatedfabrics. The coated scale for crocking test, weather resistance of fabric and washingtest are 5 (excellent) compared to the uncoated dyed cotton fabric. The optimumconcentration obtained from Lawsonia Inermis, Azadiractha Indica and CurcumaLonga is F (1.50 g/ml). The results can help to reduce the usage of synthetic dye intextile application

Fabrication process of palm empty fruit brunches reinforced with box waste coated super hydrophobic for shoe pad application

The shoe manufacturing process goes back to 1844 when Charles Goodyear made a breakthrough after years of experimentation. The researcher used a process and called as vulcanization to heat natural rubber in order to mix it with sulfur and a concoction that helped create the type of rubber used in shoe soles today..

The Preparation and Characterization on Natural Dyes Based on Neem, Henna and Turmeric for Dyeing on Cotton with Superhydrophobic Coating

This study is presents the preparation and characterization on natural dyes based on neem, henna and turmeric for dyeing on cotton with superhydrophobic coating. Natural dyes were used to reduce the usage of the synthetic dyes in dyeing process and superhydrophobic coating to maintain the colour of the dyes on the fabric from faded and acts as a self-cleaning. The methodology involved for this study was the extraction process of natural dyes from the neem, henna and turmeric. There are eight different concentrations consists of 0.25g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.75g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.25g/ml, 1.50g/ml, 1.75g/ml and 2.0g/ml. The mechanical test involved is abrasion test for evaluation the resists wear caused by flat rubbing contact with another materials. Henna coated cotton fabrics have lower percentage weight loss compared to neem and turmeric coated cotton fabrics and uncoated cotton fabrics. The weight percentage loss for henna coated cotton fabrics at 2.0g/ml was 3.57%, for neem coated cotton fabrics at 2.0g/ml was 3.58% and turmeric at 2.0g/ml concentration was 3.59%. On the other hand, the value for the henna uncoated cotton fabric at 2.0g/ml was at 4.62%, neem at 2.0g/ml concentration was 4.64% and the value for uncoated turmeric at 2.0g/ml was 4.65% respectively

Natural pigment based on orange fruit for superhydrophobic dyeing in cotton knitted textile application

The study of pigment based on orange fruits for superhydrophobic dyeing in cotton knitted textile applications. The synthetic pigment is replaced by orange fruit pigment to apply into cotton knitted textile applications in this study. The main objective of this study formulates and synthesis the orange fruit pigment for superhydrophobic dyeing and evaluate the mechanical and physical test for superhydrophobic dyeing in cotton knitted textile applications. The orange fruit pigment was extracted and used to dye the cotton knitted fabric in different concentration of orange fruit pigment which is 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. Then, the cotton knitted fabric is sprayed by the superhydrophobic solution. The component of dyeing was involved pigment, solvent, binder, additive, and hardness. All the dyeing components have been synthesis to apply superhydrophobic dyeing in cotton knitted textile applications. A few physical and mechanical tests are conducted on the sample. In the water droplets test (ASTM D5946-04), the 60% of orange fruit pigment had the excellent superhydrophobic properties which are 151° of water droplet surface contact angle. For the colourfastness to crocking test (ASTM D5053), all the fabric had the same dry crocking result which is reading of 5. In wet crocking result, the 80% of orange fruit pigment that applied to the fabric without superhydrophobic coating had a highest degree of colour transferred which is reading of 3.5. For the bursting strength test (ASTM D3786), the 80 % of orange fruit has the highest bursting strength which is 42.97 kPa for coated fabric and 41.78 kPa for fabric without superhydrophobic coating. For the abrasion resistance test (ASTM D4966-98), the 0% of orange fruit pigment that applied to the fabric without superhydrophobic coating has the highest percentage of weight loss which is 21.05% in 2500 times of rubbing. The combination of the concentration of 60% orange pigment and solution can be applied on cotton fabric due to its good mechanical and physical effect on the cotton knitted fabric surfaces and produced the optimum for the ability of superhydrophobic characteristic

Application of waste banana peels for wastewater treatment: a review

This review paper focuses on the use of recycled banana peels for wastewater treatment. In India, more than 57.6 million tonnes of banana waste peels were produced each year, majorly are used as adsorbents to remove contaminants and pollutants that exist in the wastewater like heavy ions, organic and inorganic pollutants. To date, the use of waste banana peels as adsorbents have obtained substantial attention and countless modification have been done in order to improve their adsorption characteristics. Based on literature survey regarding the abundance of waste banana peels around the world, they are conceived to have considerable absorbency with optimistic appli-cation toward pollutants. According to published articles from the past 20 years, the technique of adsorption was recognized as most exceptional and cost-saving methods of treating wastewater with adsorption rate up to 98% of heavy metal ions removal and up to 98.93% for organic and inorganic compounds removal. Adsorption is most frequently used to remove atoms, molecules or ions from drinking water preparation, groundwater or as tertiary cleaning such as purification of bio-logical water and wastewater treatment. Adsorption occurs when molecules in a liquid attach to the surface of a solid substance. This review extends applicable literature on the application of waste banana peels and its properties as an adsorbent on removing various pollutants in the wastewa-ter. Evidently, adsorbents derived from waste banana peels demonstrated remarkable effectiveness towards removing various pollutants where the adsorption rate increases as the adsorbent dosage increases. Results concerning waste banana peels as adsorbents from several published articles have been discussed elaborately along with the future research perspective on waste banana peels

A review on characteristics and potential applications of henna leaves (lawsonia inermis)

This review paper reports the studies available on the characteristics and applications of the henna (Lawsonia inermis) as a natural dye. Textile materials are mainly from synthetic dyes and fibers which are not renewable and not biodegradable. Around 30 million of tonnes was estimated for the global consumption of textiles and was expected to grow up to 3% per annum while 70,000 tonnes of dyes were released to the environment. The population of people who will have allergic to the chemicals will grow up to 60% by year 2020 which was stated in business week. Apart from that, natural dyes can be extracted and process from various sources such as plants, leaves, minerals, roots, barks and insect sections. Plants that was found in the world approximately 20% were for the pharmaceutical or biological test and new antibiotics were introduced in the market are obtain from natural or semi-synthetic resources. For the biological test, henna oil was tested against Staphylo-coccus aureus which was 870 g/mL and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 87 g/mL respectively while henna leaves extraction using methanol of 95% showed significant in-vitro antihyperglycemic effect. Chemical contains in the henna are carbohydrates as 33.62%, fibers as 33.5%, fatty oils as 10–11% and essential oil as 0.01–0.02%. Moreover, the good UV absorbency for the henna dyed cotton was at 900 C for 60 minutes and the colour fastness for the fabric which was dyed with henna is 4 which is good. Henna dye has slightly negative charge for the higher pH 9 for the washing fastness. The optimize condition for the pre-mordant is 4% for the copper sulphate (CuSO4) for cotton with the extraction of henna leaves. Furthermore, the optimum condition for the henna to remove lead Pb (II) from wastewater are pH 6, contact time is 80 minutes, 10 ppm for the initial metal concentration and 0.75 g/L for adsorbent dosage